Multiple Sclerosis A Neurological Disease That Affects...

Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Myelin sheath, an insulation that covers the nerve fibers, is damaged resulting in multiple patches of scarred tissue called lesions. When the Melin sheath is destroyed, damage to the axon begins and causes a wide variety of symptoms. Axons are the fibers that carry electric impulses away from the nerve cell to different parts of the body. MS eventually causes permanent disability. Depending on the extent of the myelin damaged and the location damaged, determines the severity of the symptoms. MS is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks the bodys own myelin sheath protection. The damaged myelin and axon fibers is caused by overactivated T cells. There is four types of MS; relapsing-remitting MS, secondary-progressive MS, primary-progessive MS, and progressive-relapsing MS. Relapsing-remitting MS is the most common type of MS. Secondary -progressive MS continues to progressive and get worse weather or not the person is having relapse. Primary-progressive MS continues to progress and worsen and there is no relapsing or periods of leveling off with this form. Progressive-relapsing MS is the rarest for of MS and it is progressive from the begining and there is no remission in this form. Les than 5% of patients are diagnosed with progressive-relapsing MS. Symptoms can vary from patient to patient. Depending on the severity ofShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Case Study1571 Words   |  7 Pageswhite matter of brain and spinal cord, helping the doctor to conclude this is a factor to why the client is experiences this neurological deficits. Client doctor prescribed her Prednisone which has a positive affect helping to confirm the client diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Researchers have concluded that Multiple Sclerosis occurs whereby the patient’s own immune system attacks the protein that is found in the myelin sheath and this result in the demyelination of the myelin sheath. So when thereRead MoreEvaluation Of A Case Study1353 Words   |  6 Pageswhite matter of brain and spinal cord, helping the doctor to conclude this is a factor to why the client is experiences this neurological deficits. Client doctor prescribed her Prednisone which has a positive affect helping to confirm the client diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Re searchers have concluded that Multiple Sclerosis occurs whereby the patient’s own immune system attacks the protein that is found in the myelin sheath and this result in the demyelination of the myelin sheath. So when thereRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis : A Nervous System Disease That Affects The Brain And Spinal Cord869 Words   |  4 PagesAbout Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis is considered a nervous system disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. The disease remains a mystery to this day since there are no known specific causes. It can be seen that multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in women than in men between the ages of 20-40 (Bethesda 2015). While the disease is typically mild in most cases, some severe cases may result in the loss in the ability to speak, walk, and write. Common symptoms of the disease includeRead MoreEvaluation Of A Case Study1315 Words   |  6 Pageswhite matter of brain and spinal cord, helping the doctor to conclude this is a factor to why the client is experiences this neurological deficits. Client doctor prescribed her Prednisone which has a positive affect helping to confirm the client diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Researchers have concluded that Multiple Sclerosis occurs whereby the patient’s own immune system attacks the protein that is found in the myelin sheath and this result in the demyelination of the myelin sheath. So when thereRead MoreCase Study : Multiple Sclerosis ( Ms )1186 Words   |  5 Pages Reseach Paper of Multiple Sclerosis Zuemil De Jesus Claudio Universidad del Este Pharmacotherapy for Pharmacy Technician II Professor: Sonia Rivera March 15, 2015 Research Paper of Multiple Sclerosis The first case of multiple sclerosis (MS) was found in 1849. This disease is not contagious, but epidemiologists have identified some factor such as gender, generics, age, geography and ethnic background that may help determine what cause this disease. MS affects more than 2.3 millionRead MoreThe Severe Disease Known as Multiple Sclerosis Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesare a vast amount of neurological disorders, conditions, and diseases. One severe disease is known as Multiple Sclerosis. In this research essay, I will be discussing what multiple sclerosis is, symptoms, causes, personal experience, and treatments. M.S., as some would call it, also known as multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease. This disease, in particular, could also be viewed as an autoimmune disorder. It is not nearly as fatal as the sexually transmitted disease (AIDS), yet it can beRead MoreSymptoms Of Multiple Sclerosis And Bell s Palsy1347 Words   |  6 Pages Neurological Abnormalities Jessica Schultz Brigham Young University – Idaho â€Æ' Neurological Abnormalities Bell’s Palsy Bell’s palsy is a condition that affects the muscles of the face. The muscles become weak and slow for an impermanent period of time. This disorder occurs when the nerve that controls the facial muscles, cranial nerve VII, becomes inflamed or swollen. The cause of the damaged is not officially known, but researchers believe that is could be the result of a viral infectionRead MoreThe Mechanics Of Multiple Sclerosis Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesexpressions of Multiple Sclerosis. These neurological symptoms were first identified in the early 14th and 15th centuries. The immune system attacks the myelin of the brain spinal cord causing a cessation or misinterpretation of communication with the rest of the body. Due to this destruction or damage to the myelin, scar tissue forms and there central nervous system cannot communicate with the body effectively. This is the mechanics of Multiple Sclerosis, a disease that affects many peopleRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis : An Auto immune Disease Of The Central Nervous System883 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System, which interferes with the communication between the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and other parts of the body. The immune system attacks the myelin on the nerve fibers; resulting in damaged myelin that forms sclerosis. Overtime, many nerve fibers and myelin sheath will be damaged or even destroyed, resulting in the nerve impulse being interrupted. MS can be mild, moderate, or severeRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis (Ms) Is A Disease That Impacts The Brain,1040 Words   |  5 Pages Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, which is together known as the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is perhaps one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting about 1 per 1,000 of the population (Beaumont, 2008). Multiple Sclerosis means â€Å"Multiple Scars† due to the many scars (lesions) that are located in the CNS. This disease involves two main systems in the body, the Central Nervous System and the Immune System. The Central Nervous

Fossil Fuels An Alternative Source Of Energy - 1715 Words

Introduction: Fossil fuels have been keeping our country running for quite a long time, throughout our history. The reason why fossil fuels have been so instrumental in our production of energy is the increase in technology. Technology has brought the world ways to dig into the earth and extract oil, which we have been doing quite a bit more of as late. The problem with this increase in drilling and digging for fossil fuels is that there is only so much of it, and cannot be created, or reused. Once, these fossil fuels are all used up, they will no longer be a source of energy for the world to use. This is why we have to find ways to preserve what we have left of these fossil fuels. Currently we do not have enough of an alternative source of energy for the world to run efficiently, and that is a scary situation that we have ourselves in. There are three different types of fossil fuels that we use, and that is where we are going to start. Oil: To understand the impact oil has on the environment, we first have to understand oil itself. Oil is found on reserves all around the world. The top 10 oil reserve countries in the world are: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Russia, Libya, and Nigeria (Top 10 Oil Reserves Countries). These ten countries account for 85.3% of all the world’s oil (Top 10 Oil Reserves Countries). In order to reach the oil that is stored in the ground, there is a system called fracking. Fracking is when drillers push water into theShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels2676 Words   |  11 Pages Alternative Energy Sources Emily Lazovich Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract Fossil fuels can be easily found around the globe and the production of these fuels may be cost-effective. Although fossil fuel is harmful to the environment, the United States is continuing to use fossil fuel as a source of energy. In addition to this, once the fossil fuels have all been used up, there is no chance of obtaining more. There are many types of alternative energy sources in the worldRead MoreFossil Fuel And Alternative Sources Of Energy1218 Words   |  5 Pages Energy Policy Jameisha Lyttle Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract The United States government, as well as many others around the world, have relied on fossil fuel as an energy source for a long period of time. The extraction, production, and development of these sources have contributed to the many issues with the environment. In addition to this, fossil fuel will not exist forever because there is a limited amount on earth and it cannot be restored. For this reason, the UnitedRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Energy For Fossil Fuel1432 Words   |  6 Pagesalternate source of energy to fossil fuel is essential. Humans are using up fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, faster than they can be made naturally.This means that there will be a time when all of the fossil fuels will have been used to power . To prevent a world without energy, many alternative sources have been harnessed. Six different pathways for energies were found: solar power, biomass, geothermal power, hydropower, wind power, and nuclear power. All of these are much better alternati ves to fossilRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources Of Fossil Fuels1701 Words   |  7 Pages the world has run on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are critical to global energy infrastructure due to their inherent advantages and generate significant economic value as a result. However, the negative economic and environmental implications of fossil fuels demands a permanent transition towards alternative energy. The world will continue to investigate alternative energy sources and must commit to them to avoid long-term environmental degradation. Ultimately, fossil fuels are on the way out, butRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels1874 Words   |  8 Pagesconsuming energy. Currently the majority of this energy comes from fossil fuels (i.e. coal, natural gas, and oil). Fossil fuels made up eighty-seven percent of the energy consumed worldwide in 2012 (Gonzalez Lucky). There are many people who do not believe there is an energy crisis, or that there is anything wrong with depe nding on fossil fuels, however fossil fuels are non-renewable, which means once they are gone we are unable to create more. In addition, the carbon that is located in fossil fuelsRead MoreFossil Fuels And Alternative Energy Sources1682 Words   |  7 PagesMost fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years (Investopedia, 2014). As the nonrenewable resources become more and more scarce, the cost to obtain them will continue to gradually rise (Investopedia, 2014). Eventually, the price will become so high that users will no longer be able to afford them, forcing the change from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources (Investopedia)Read MoreEssay on Fossil Fuels and Alternative Energy Sources1986 Words   |  8 PagesFossil fuels are an important part of life. When you turn on the lights, watch TV, or take a shower, the electricity that you are using is bei ng generated by fossil fuels. The three types of fossil fuels are coal, crude oil, and natural gas. They all take millions of years to form, so they are considered to be â€Å"non-renewable†- eventually, the fossil fuels will all be used up. One dangerous biological effect of using fossil fuels is ocean acidification. Extracting and transporting fossil fuels canRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Energy From Fossil Fuels2846 Words   |  12 Pagestechnology requires a stable source of fuel to produce the thousands of units of energy being consumed by it. At present, this energy is derived from various sources with fossil fuels being the largest by far. According to the United States Energy Information Administration, in 2014 sixty-seven percent of the United State s energy was converted from fossil fuels. (What is U.S. Electricity Generation by Energy Source?) Although fossil fuels are able to meet rising energy demands, they are limitedRead MoreFossil Fuel Resources For Alterna tive Sources Of Energy Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesDiminishing fossil fuel resources have prompted scientists and researchers to look for alternative sources of energy. Though several alternative sources of energy have been identified, generation of energy using combustion of fuels still remains the dominant source of energy globally [1]. In search for alternative fuels, biofuels have shown promising results to generate useful energy. However, efficient atomization of some high viscosity biofuels to yield maximum useful energy and minimise emissionsRead MoreBiology - Fossil Fuels vs. Alternative Energy Source1525 Words   |  7 PagesNicoletta Philippides March 15, 2013 Mr. Dunleavy, Period 4 The Effect of Fossil Fuels on Biodiversity Alternative Energy Resources Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon deposits derived from the remains of ancient plants and animals under enormous amounts of heat and pressure. Oil, or petroleum, is one of the most common fossil fuels utilized by people all over the world on a daily basis. Crude oil is a smelly, yellow-black, viscous liquid composed of mostly nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which is

Strategies for Successful Implementation Public Personnel Management

Question: Strategies for Successful Implementation for Public Personnel Management? Answer: Difference between personnel and human resource management Human resource management is the new version of personnel management. Personnel management is a conventional way of managing people while human resource management is the modern approach as people are the main strength of an organisation . The main focus of personnel management is the personnel administration, labour relation, and employee welfare. But human resource management mainly focuses on the training and development, acquisition, maintenance and motivation of the human resource of the organisation (Zafar, 2013). In the basic division of labour, the job design is done by the personnel management. In human resource management, the job designing is done by a group or team. In personnel management, the employees are provided with less training opportunities. But in the case of human resource management before allocating the position the employees has to go through a training session. People are assumed as the input, and their achievements are desired as the output in personnel ma nagement whereas in the human resource management assumes their employees as their important and valuable resources for achieving the required output for the organisation. In the case of personnel management, all the decisions are made by the top management according to the rules of the organisation. But for the human resource department all the decisions are made collectively considering the participation, ability, and environment of the employees. Assessing the function of human resource management in contributing to the organisation al purposes There are various functions that help in accessing the contribution of human resource management in the organisation - Recruitment and Selection is one of the most important functions of human resource management as it requires careful planning. When a job recruiter recruits an employee they judge the interviewee as they will be beneficial for the organisation or not. Most of the organisation s purchase talent management and recruitment software for managing their selection and recruitment process efficiently (Shen, 2011). Training and development- This helps the employees to understand the working structure of the organisation. With training, the employees will get to know about the rules and regulations of the organisation and also the internal environment. Reward System- With this process the senior management motivates their employees to give their best. This will motivate the employees to give the best in the organisation, and it will also motivate other employees who are lacking behind in their performance (Pugh and Subramony, 2015). Performance Appraisal- Apart from reward system the performance appraisal also helps and motivates the employees to give their best in their work. When the employees perform remarkably in their job, then the senior management will promote them with much more responsibilities. Employee Relation is one of the major functions of human resource management. If the relation between the employees and also with the senior management is not cordial, then the work will get affected. So, the human resource department will have to make sure that the relation with the employees is good and pleasant, and they are not facing any problems in their work. Evaluating the role and responsibilities of the line managers Line managers are those managers who have a direct relationship with both the employees and also with the senior managers. Their main responsibilities are to manage directly the individual employees and also the teams. The line managers directly report to the senior management of the organisation about the well- being and performance of the employees. The main responsibilities of line managers are managing people daily, allocating the work to the employees, dealing with the clients, measurement of the operational performance, monitoring and checking the quality of the work. They set a reasonable time frame so that they improve the work that is allocated to the employees. They identify the issues that are creating the problem for the underperformance of the employees (Manroop, Singh, and Ezzedeen, 2014). It is the duty of a line manager to implement the day to day HR initiatives. Line managers are responsible to plan the aims, objectives and priorities of the task and communicate that task within his follower and colleagues. The major role and responsibilities that line managers have to perform in HR management are discussed below: Employee Engagement The most critical factor of any line managers HR activities is engaging the employees in the organisation. Line manager creates a pleasant work environment within the organisation so that employees become more dedicated to work in achieving the organisational goal (Southall, 2014). Performance Appraisal Although the process of performance appraisal is designed by the HR specialist, it is ultimately implemented by the line managers. Performance and behavior of the employees are directly assessed and rated by the line managers (Pilbeam and Atherton, 2012). Feedback of the employees is provided through one to one meeting between the line managers and the employees. Disciplining Employees Line managers place his expectation through his team in order to retain discipline in the workplace. The expectation is supported by the rule and regulations of the HR department. It is the commitment of the line manager to enforce the rule and regulation for influencing the performance of the employees. The reasons for human resource planning in ITC and IBM: In order to fulfil the manpower requirements, the human resource planning is necessary for every organisation . The business strategy and the operations are linked with human resource planning process (Hoch and Dulebohn, 2013). There are several reasons behind for human resource planning in ITC. Those are following: Forecasting future manpower needs: In order to forecast the future manpower needs, ITC needs to plan its human resources in the initial stage. It is the very significant process to achieve the organisational objectives in the long-run. In the manufacturing sector like ITC, it has different manpower needs. The human resource managers collect the information from the factory line managers how many people would be required for a particular factory. In the case of IBM, the estimation of the people will be done based on the requirements of the outsourced activities (Ivancevich and Konopaske, 2013). Coping with change: Various external factors that influence the planning process of the organisation. Through HR inventory the current human resource plans to mitigate the external factors (technological, socio-cultural, political, economic forces) to cope with the changes. ITC developed some strategies like hire experienced and effective people to cope with the changes. On the other hand, IBM also hires people who are capable enough to do the required activities (Guo and Al Ariss, 2015). Recruiting experienced people: Both IBM and ITC hires experienced people in order to achieve the organisational objectives in the long-run. Restructuring work processes: Identify training needs: The training requirements needs to be identified so that it can be developed over time. By giving the proper training to the employees, the organisation can increase its performances in the long-run. Coping with retirement and redundancy: The attrition rate of IBM is very high as compared to ITC. After the retirement of people, the vacancy needs to be filling up. In the market the redundancy is increasing day by day. Thus, numerous applications are piling up in the HR inventory. From that application, the efficient people need to be chosen by the human resource manager. So that it will help to increase the performance of the organisation s (Gruman and Saks, 2011). Development of human resources: For developing the personnel in the organisation both ITC and IBM conduct training sessions. By giving the proper training and conducting the development campaigns, the skills of the personnel will be increased. The organisation gives this type of training to their employees so that they can perform better. Stages in planning human resource requirements: Assessing human resources Both the organisation ITC and IBM needs to assess the internal and external factors to analyse the current requirements. After knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation, it will be easy to assess the future needs (Dries, 2013). The goals to be achieved in near future in all the field of the organisation will give an idea of the work load to be done by the workforce. Demand forecasting The demand and supply of human resource in the organisation are defined as the process of demand forecasting. In order to achieve the desired level of output, the demand forecasting process is done to convene the future personnel requirements of the organisation s. The required number of human resource in different field should be estimated for proper human resource management. Supply forecasting Due to the increasing demand for the organisation the future employee needs to be required to handle the responsibilities. From various sources the employees hired by the HR managers of the organisation. In supply forecasting the organisation analyses the HR inventory and keep track of existing employees for determining the extent to which it can meet the forecast (Supriyanto, 2015). A proper matching of job description and job specification should be there in the organisation and employees to be involved in the job should be suitable. Matching demand and supply The organisation needs to see whether the matching demand and supply meet the forecasting future needs. The shortage and overstaffing issues can be solved by bringing the demand and supply in an equilibrium position. Action plan In order to avoid the shortage and surplus of human resource a proper action plan is required to develop by both ITC and IBM (Dowling, Festing, and Engle, 2013). Comparison of recruitment and selection process in two companies: The first company chosen is IBM. The process of selection is described below: Stage 1: Attraction: There must be requirements for people. After the requirement is established comes the process of job analysis, writing up job descriptions and job specifications. Job analysis looks that how each job fits into the organisation. The competency framework is an alternative approach. The various recruitment methods are as follows: Internal methods: Internal promotions, transfers, job rotation schemes External methods: Outplacement consultants, headhunters, employment agencies Stage 2: Reduction: The application forms are observed, scrutinized, and most of them are rejected on grounds of not matching with the requirements (Park, 2014). This screening process must be done with utmost care and precision. Stage 3: Selection: There are lots of aptitude tests that are taken in the present day scenario. These tests are specially designed to test the aptitude and ability of the candidates. After the short listing is done through tests, arrangements are made for interviews. These interviews are taken by experts who hold sufficient experience in the relevant areas. After the final selection is done, job offers are made to the deserving candidates. Stage 4: Transition: The selected candidates must go through a process of induction in order to get familiarized with the environment. The transition process allows a candidate to socialize with the new environment. Selection process in ITC: Stage1: Attraction As ITC is now the top most FMCG Company so the attraction process in very specific in this company. The human resource manager make a very specific looks on what type of candidate would be needed for what type of job. For recruiting purpose the use three types of sources as mentioned below: Internal Recruitment Internal recruitment in ITC is done by job posting. If an employee seems to be very good in one field he can be posted in any of its branch where he is suitable. References are taken in order to be sanguine about the work (Oskina, 2015). These serve as authentication about the work. If a job is more authenticated, it gives better results. Transfer is another form of internal recruitment where the organisation tries to hire experienced employee in the vacant position by shifting employees from one place to another. External Recruitment Among the external recruitment of ITC the more popular process is job posting in online job sites, College campusing, Head haunting. Third party Recruitment ITC sometimes leaves the responsibility of recruiting on a third party consultancy. Stage 2: Reduction No candidate is allowed in ITC without a qualification degree from a reputed university. The short listings of the various candidates are done by screening (Park and Word, 2012). . The application forms are observed by the human resource manager very carefully. Many candidates become disqualified without a proper experience and skills needed for the job. Stage 3: Selection Unlike IBM, in ITC a written test is arranged for analyzing the skills of a candidate in details. Only after qualifying the written test the candidate become eligible to give interview. The interview held in ITC is competency based. Stage 4: Transition In ITC a Roster is maintained where the names of suitable candidates are listed after interview. The organisation sends an email to the candidate listed in the Roster whom they think most suitable for the job (Omole, 2015). After joining of the candidate the organisation arranges an interesting induction process where the new employees get familiar with the organisation. Technical knowledge assessment: The knowledge of the candidates is assessed nicely by the aid of tests and interview. Effectiveness of recruitment processes of two organisation s: The selection process in IBM is full proof compared with ITC. The references are however taken in ITC. The tests that are taken to evaluate a candidate are much well organized in IBM compared to ITC. If we take into account all the aspects, IBM is better organized than ITC as far as recruitment is concerned. When a recruitment process goes through a number of phases, it becomes better. More and more screening is needed (Sun, 2014). This always has longer time when the screening stages are more (Deadrick and Stone, 2014). Relationship between Motivational theory and reward: The human resource managers of the organisation consider the fact that by using encouraging motivation techniques that support employees to produce more and better quality of work in the long-run. This is defined as a motivational theory. In the organisation, the managers chose those people who are worth praising and have done a good job in the past. This will come as the reward. The main advantage of giving the reward to the employees is to increase the motivation of them. It will help to foster a sense of trust between employee and managers in the organisation. The process of job evaluation: Job analysis The various aspects of the job can be identified through the process of job analysis. In the job analysis, part job description and job specification part are included (Collings, Scullion, and Vaiman, 2015). Job Description In order to indicate the duties and responsibilities a proper job description is given to the employees of the organisation. The job entails being described in the job description part. Job specification The required skills and knowledge that is needed for a specific job are included in the job specification part (Dessler, 2013). Job rating In order to assign a relative worth for each job the job description and job specification methods needs to be used. Money location A pay structure is determined for each employee in the organisation based on their capability. Job classification According to the pay structure of the employees the job categorization will be done by the HR manager. Other factors determining pay: There are several factors that determine the structure in the organisation. Those are cost of living, government legislation, supply and demand and productivity (Byars, 2015). Cost of living Cost of living is the most important factors that influence the wage and salary structure of the employees. The approach of cost of living tends to vary the salary structure depending on the variation in the index of cost of living. Cost of living index follows the rise and falls of general and consumer price index. Government Legislation Law and labour policies passed by the government have a great influence on the wage and salary structure of the employees. Salaries and wages cannot be lower than that prescribed by the government (Chemmanur, Cheng and Zhang, 2013). The laws like minimum wage, equal pay for equal work, dearness allowance and hours of work is enacted by the government for ensuring fair wage and salary structure in the organisation. Supply and Demand Supply and Demand of employees influences the wage and salary structure to a great extent. If the supply of employees decreases then salary for the job will be increased (Pohler and Schmidt, 2015). On the other hand if the supply of employees increases then salary and wage will be decreased. Productivity Increasing trend of productivity in the organisation ultimately increases the salary and wage of the employees. High wages in a low cost is only possible when productivity of the organisation appreciable. Effectiveness of reward system in different context: In another context like recreation in labour intensive industry, managers can use the reward system to improve the employee motivation and retention. In order to increase the performance of the employee, the managers need to develop some strategies. The performance of employees needs to be monitor periodically so that after a certain period the employee will get a reward based on their performance in the organisation. The reward can be given to the employees as monetary reward, reduced workweek, flex time, working from home, membership reward, etc. This main responsibility of the recreation manager is to motivate the employees in the organisation by giving them different rewards based on their performances. Due to increasing work pressure it will be very difficult to retain the employees in the organisation. Thus giving the reward to the employees is the help to increase the effectiveness of business activities in the organisation (Brown and Warren, 2011). Methods to monitor employee performance: Performance Reviews In order to track the performance of the employee in the organisation review sheets needs to be maintained by the managers of the organisation. In review sheets customer complaints, interpersonal skills to error rates all are included. With the help of this review sheet, the growth of the employee can be determined. Peer appraisals Regarding the co-workers performance the peers always have an opinion. In the database of the organisation, the appraisals can be stored for several times. In order to identify favourable or unfavourable patterns of behaviour, the HR managers use this reporting data. Dashboards In order to track the performance of the many employee organisation s are using standardized dashboards. The dashboard consist different varieties of metrics that helps to identify the success factors of the organisation. Voice of the customer In terms of quality assurance the voice of the customer is taking into consideration by many organisation s (Brookes et al., 2011). Reasons for cessation of employment within an organisation : Cessation of employment in an organisation may have the following reasons: Family obligations: If a person is head of the family, he has got a lot of obligations. These obligations restrain a person from rendering all duties (Arbon, Facer, and Wadsworth, 2012). Obligations may be of various types including financial and nonfinancial. Medical ground: A person may be sick on various grounds. If he is sick, he would not be able to continue the job. Employment can be ended for health reasons. These reasons are out of control. Death: If a person dies, his employment finishes then and there. Retirement age: In most offices, the retirement age is 58.On attaining this age, the employment finishes. Unsatisfactory working conditions: The working conditions may not be good. Especially in a factory, the lighting, heating, and humidification may not be satisfactory (Baxter, 2012). Unfair treatment: The management may not treat a person well. This would lead to dissatisfaction on the part of the employee. Better opportunities: If a person gets a better opportunity elsewhere, he would be leaving his current job. Better opportunities always attract young people as well as experienced people. Inappropriate management style: The style of management meted out to the employees may not be proper. Low job security: A job having low job security is not attractive to the employees. Employees are always on the lookout for better job security. Employment exit procedures with two companies: The two companies chosen are ITC and IBM. Exit procedure with ITC: The following steps may be followed during exit of an employee in ITC: -A resignation letter duly signed by the resigning employee is deposited with the line manager. -The HR department writes to the employee that an exit interview has been arranged, and he needs to attend it (Bissessar, 2012). -A confirmation of service form is sent to the employee to fill and return. -The exit interview is conducted in strict confidence. The company tries to determine what exactly the reason is for an employee leaving a company. Whether the reasons are within the control of the company to be rectified or not within the control must be seen. Exit procedure with IBM: The following steps are followed during exit of an employee in IBM: -There must be a resignation letter duly signed by the employee. There must be indications to serve a notice period of one month from the date of depositing the letter. -The employee is notified about the exit interview he needs to attend by HR. -The exit interview is held in strict confidence. The common questions are the reasons for leaving and what he liked the most and disliked the most (Jordan and Battaglio, 2013). Impact of legal and regulatory framework on HRM and Employment Cessation Arrangement: Employment legislations mainly deal with laws that help them to maintain the smooth relationship between the employer and the employees. Laws used by the human resource department in an organisation are the Equal pay Act 1970, National minimum wage rate act 1998, Employment rights act 1996. All this laws are implemented in the organisation so that there is no discrimination within the employees and there is no tension with the organisational environment (Perez, 2015). The human resource department makes a legal framework so that they can keep a check that all the laws are being followed. If any of them is not followed, then strict actions are taken against that employee. According to the Employment Right Act 1996, both the employer and the employee have to give notice in advance according to the contract of employment or according to the law of termination. The law places liability of employers to pay according to law. The working hours must be fixed to a maximum so that nobody is overworked. According to the Equal Opportunity Act, men and women must get equal opportunities in the workplace. The pay must be equitable and fair. There must be a minimum payment for all workers whatever the levels of occupation be. There is an obligation on employers to pay in full for absences in duty due to sickness or accidents (Kim, 2012). According to the Anti-Discrimination Act, there must be no discrimination on grounds of age, sex, color or language. Everybody must have equal rights. Discrimination must be totally stopped due to bad response. There are laws in Britain, which force employers to be on control and employ suitable rules in the workplace. According to personal injury rule 1972, the employees of the organisation should be insured against ant personal injuries. In this case the employees should follow some instructions regarding the safety measures in the organisation (Gibbons, 2015). Despite of maintaining all the safety measures if any employee gets injured then that employee should be paid full wages in his absence and should be paid according to the insurance policy. According to the Employment Standard Act 2000, no employee can be terminated with a prior notice to them from the employer (Perez, 2015). The employees worked for 8 years should be noticed 8 weeks prior to his termination and an employee worked for less than 1 year should be noticed at least 1 week prior to their his termination. According to the Maternity Benefit Act 1961, the employer should allow absence to the employee during maternity leave and that would be under statute. No employees can leave the job during this period without a valid reason and also no employer can terminate an employees without a valid and reason notice. Reference list: Arbon, C., Facer, R. and Wadsworth, L. 2012. Compressed Workweeks - Strategies for Successful Implementation.Public Personnel Management, 41(3), pp.389-405. Baxter, G. 2012. Reconsidering the Black-White Disparity in Federal Performance Ratings.Public Personnel Management, 41(2), pp.199-218. Bissessar, A. 2012. Leadership Challenges in a Small Society: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago.Public Personnel Management, 41(4), pp.575-596. Brookes, M., Croucher, R., Fenton-O'Creevy, M. and Gooderham, P. 2011. Measuring competing explanations of human resource management practices through the Cranet survey: Cultural versus institutional explanations. Human Resource Management Review, 21(1), pp.68-79. Brown, T. and Warren, A. 2011. Performance management in unionized settings. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), pp.96-106. Byars, L. 2015. Human resource management. [Place of publication not identified]: Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Chemmanur, T., Cheng, Y. and Zhang, T. 2013. Human capital, capital structure, and employee pay: An empirical analysis.Journal of Financial Economics, 110(2), pp.478-502. Collings, D., Scullion, H. and Vaiman, V. 2015. Talent management: Progress and prospects. Human Resource Management Review, 25(3), pp.233-235. Deadrick, D. and Stone, D. 2014. Human resource management: Past, present, and future. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), pp.193-195. Dessler, G. 2013. Human resource management. Boston, Mass.: Pearson Education. Dowling, P., Festing, M. and Engle, A. 2013. International human resource management. Andover: Cengage Learning. Dries, N. 2013. Talent management, from phenomenon to theory: Introduction to the Special Issue. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), pp.267-271. Gibbons, T. 2015. The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act 2001: A Useful Organising Tool for Irish Trade Unions or Last Refuge of the Powerless?.INDLAW, 44(3), pp.472-477. Gruman, J. and Saks, A. 2011. Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), pp.123-136. Guo, C. and Al Ariss, A. 2015. Human resource management of international migrants: current theories and future research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(10), pp.1287-1297. Hoch, J. and Dulebohn, J. 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.114-125. Ivancevich, J. and Konopaske, R. 2013. Human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jordan, T. and Battaglio, R. 2013. Are We There Yet? The State of Public Human Resource Management Research.Public Personnel Management, 43(1), pp.25-57. Kim, S. 2012. The Impact of Human Resource Management on State Government IT Employee Turnover Intentions.Public Personnel Management, 41(2), pp.257-279. Manroop, L., Singh, P. and Ezzedeen, S. 2014. Human Resource Systems and Ethical Climates: A Resource-Based Perspective. Human Resource Management, 53(5), pp.795-816. Omole, D. 2015. A Model Selection Procedure for Stream Re-Aeration Coefficient Modelling.Modern Applied Science, 9(9). Oskina, M. 2015. Raising the Quality of Spesialists Training: the Procedure Selection.Obraz. nauka, 1(10), p.52. Park, S. 2014. Motivation of Public Managers as Raters in Performance Appraisal: Developing a Model of Rater Motivation.Public Personnel Management, 43(4), pp.387-414. Park, S. and Word, J. 2012. Driven to Service: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation for Public and Nonprofit Managers.Public Personnel Management, 41(4), pp.705-734. Perez, T. 2015. The Fair Labor Standards Act: A Living Document.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 54(4), pp.529-532. Pilbeam, S. and Atherton, J., 2012. The Critical Role of the Front-Line Manager in Operationalising People Management Strategies.Contemporary Themes in Strategic People Management: A Case-Based Approach, p.41. Pohler, D. and Schmidt, J. 2015. Does Pay-For-Performance Strain the Employment Relationship? The Effect of Manager Bonus Eligibility on Nonmanagement Employee Turnover.Personnel Psychology, p.n/a-n/a. Pugh, S. and Subramony, M. 2015. Taking services seriously: New directions in services management theory and research. Human Resource Management Review. Shen, J. 2011. Developing the concept of socially responsible international human resource management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(6), pp.1351-1363. Southall, A., 2014.The discretionary role of the line manager in inspiring work engagement and innovative behaviour: a study of social exchange and job resources in the public sector(Doctoral dissertation, Aston University). Sun, L. 2014. Words From Guest Editor.Public Personnel Management, 43(3), pp.287-289. Supriyanto, A. 2015. Knowledge Management Implementation, Strategic Human Resource Practices and Organisation al Performance Mediated by Strategic Planning.Business and Management Research, 4(1). Zafar, H. 2013. Human resource information systems: Information security concerns for organisation s. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.105-113.

Piaget V Erikson Essays - Developmental Psychology,

Piaget V Erikson dolescence is considered a difficult time of life and one in which a number of changes occur as the individual achieves a certain integration of different aspects of personality. One approach to the cognitive and emotional transitions made at different times of life is to consider how the changes in, say, adolescence are linked to a continuum of change beginning in childhood and continuing throughout life. Some theorists, such as Piaget, were interested primarily in the transitions of childhood and youth, while others, such as Erikson, saw all of life as a series of transitions and offered a continuum of stages covering all of life. Piaget became fascinated in his early studies with his discovery that children of the same age often gave the same incorrect answers to questions, suggesting that there were consistent, qualitative differences in the nature of reasoning at different ages, not simply a quantitative increase in the amount of intelligence or knowledge. This discovery marked the beginning of Piaget's continuing effort to identify changes in the way children thinkhow they perceive their world in different ways at different points in development. Piaget's contributions can be summarized by grouping them into four main areas. First, he produced literature on the general stages of intellectual development from infancy through adulthood. This concern occupied him from 1925 to 1940, and after 1940 he began to describe some of the developmental stages in formal, structural terms using models from symbolic logic (Flavell, 1963, 1-9). The different stages postulated by Piaget help to explain different rats of learning at different ages as well as the types of learning possible at different ages for the majority of the population. Learning itself is seen by Piaget as a process of discovery on the part of the individual, and learning as a formal activity becomes a system of organization by which instruction is enhanced by the way the teacher arranges experience. Learning is thus experiential, and Piaget suggests that experiences have meaning to the extent that they can be assimilated. Such assimilation does not take place without accommodation, an aspect of considerable importance from the point of view of adaptation and possible development: One of the principal aims of the teacher will be to present situations to the child which require him to adapt his past experience. The teacher is concerned with facilitating adaptation and assisting the child along the developmental path (Flavell, 1963, 91). The learning situation thus becomes a means of discovery as the child encounters something that is unknown, new, or problematical for the child. The achievement of understanding of this experiences produces an adaptation, and each adaptation made by the child is a discovery for him or her, an insight made through experience. Such a discovery process is ongoing and is not to be seen as a series of leaps from one insight to another. The process of discovery continues and builds on experiences already assimilated and adapted. The process is marked out by minute consolidations and extensions of past experience, with perhaps an occasional flash of insight (Flavell, 1963, 91-92). There are two principal learning theories in psychology, one of which focuses on the learning process while the other focuses on the capacity to learn. Piaget offered a biological theory of intelligence that was quite different and that he presented as a unified approach to intelligence and learning. Piaget restricted the ideal of learning to an acquisition of new knowledge that derives primarily from contact with the physical or social environment: He opposes it on the one hand to maturation which is based on physiological processes; on the other hand and most importantly he differentiates it from the acquisition of general knowledge or intelligence which he defines as the slowly developing sum total of action coordinations available to an organism at a given stage (Furth, 1969, 221). Piaget contends that this general knowledge is actively constructed by the individual who, in constructing this knowledge, lives the process of his or her development. Piaget had actually started out to analyze the meaning and origin of intelligence, and he defined intelligence as the totality of behavioral coordinations that characterize behavior at a certain stage of development. For Piaget, intelligence was the behavioral analogue of a biological organ which

Womens rights essays

Women's rights essays Over the years women have always fought for their rights: for the right to vote, for the right to fight among the men in the Army and even for the right to get paid the same amount for doing the same work as men. Most of the fights were for rights that were guaranteed to women by the constitution but were denied. Over the decades women have also fought for something that the American people have enjoyed over the years with ease of mind: birth control. Not only did the women of the United States fight for the rights they are passionate about but they also opened up the doors for the subject that is not anymore considered Taboo or wrong. Now everyone who is sexually active can gain information on contraceptives. In Women and Power in American History, Linda Gordon tells the story of how one woman named Margaret Sanger struggled to get a license for a clinic that she was running to be able to give information on contraceptives. While Jessie M. Rodrique informed the public through the bo ok about the African Americans struggle not only to provide the contraceptive information for their people but also to provide a better standing for themselves. Sex radicals who began the birth-control movement before the First World War were amateurs. (Gordon, 127) From the beginning the author lets the reader know that the fight for contraceptive that Sanger fought was started of in the wrong way. The amateurs as the writer describes them, were mostly men, they had no professional or socially recognized expertise in sexology. (Gordon, 127) Even before the writer introduces Sanger to the reader, the character of Sanger is build up to be a professional, educated woman, in at least the sexology background. The writer continues to praise and emphasize more about the greatness of Sanger, ...Sanger was an important factor in facilitating, even encouraging the professionalization of the birth control moveme...

3 Cases of Improving Writing Through Combination

3 Cases of Improving Writing Through Combination 3 Cases of Improving Writing Through Combination 3 Cases of Improving Writing Through Combination By Mark Nichol In each of the following pairs of clauses, an ineffectual presentation of information is strengthened by altering sentence structure through combination. Discussion and revision follow each example. 1. Only about 7,500 fans attended the game, and about two-thirds of them had not paid for their tickets. What is intended to be a modestly dramatic admission seems to be attached offhandedly to the end of this sentence. The revelation of the means by which the game’s attendance was boosted would be better presented by inserting it parenthetically into the main clause: â€Å"Only about 7,500 fans, about two-thirds of whom had not paid for their tickets, attended the game.† It can be argued that this revision weakens the impact of the sentence, which in the context from which it was excised emphasized that a sports team had to give away most of the tickets for a game to ensure even a half-full basketball arena. To successfully punch up the end of the sentence with this admission, it would be better to revise the sentence to be more emphatic: â€Å"Only about 7,500 fans attended the game- and two-thirds of them had to be lured in with free tickets.† 2. This strategy can also be one of the more difficult to scope and plan. This is due to the challenges that can come with the reporting process. This sentence benefits from the approach employed in the previous example: â€Å"This strategy can also, because of the challenges that can come with the reporting process, be one of the more difficult to scope and plan.† This revision also eliminates the weak expletive â€Å"this is† at the head of the second sentence. 3. The executive team and the board of directors should ensure that there is a passionate focus on improving stakeholder experiences. Stakeholder experiences are the accumulation of day-to-day interactions. Here, an awkward immediate reiteration, at the head of the second sentence, of the phrase that ends the first sentence is easily avoided by subsuming the second sentence into the first as a subordinate clause: â€Å"The executive team and the board of directors should ensure that there is a passionate focus on improving stakeholder experiences, which are the accumulation of day-to-day interactions.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouThe Six Spellings of "Long E"Woof or Weft?

The pros and cons of university ranking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The pros and cons of university ranking - Essay Example Ranking is aimed at evaluating the quality of education offered at institutions of higher learning often based on research produced by the institutions. This evaluation is relative; however, as quality will be perceived differently and as such, there cannot be fixed criteria (Almegren 14). Recently, there has been mounting attentiveness to ranking systems and great criticism of existing rankings. The problem with the existing rankings is that they do not include universities and higher learning institutions from various parts of the world. This has become necessary, as governments of many countries have reiterated the significance of quality in research and higher education, and linking economic growth, innovation and research. Moreover, higher education and research institutions are competing for funding and the best students and researchers, at national and international levels (Almegren 14). Among the primary benefits of rankings, is that they allow students to make well-versed decisions. When a potential student is choosing which university to join, they will need to have specific information pertinent to their desires and wishes. This will enable a choice that will suit their needs and preferences concerning both academics and extracurricular activities. The precedent is determined using outcome that is, performance of students after university, number of professors available to students where the number of research papers and articles published factors into their competence and facilities and amenities within a university. Besides that, rankings have been advocated for because they foster healthy, spirited competition among institutions of higher learning. This is because of the simple fact that every institution will want to be ranked high as this builds a positive reputation (â€Å"QS World Universities Rankings†). Notably also, rankings are supported as they offer institutions of higher learning an opportunity to improve

Projects 1,3,5 Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Projects 1,3,5 - Math Problem Example Both of these particular dishwashers are 24 inch dishwashers, which makes them comparable. They both offer front control operation on their doors, and both offer a 1 year limited warranty. At first, it appears that the Hotpoint dishwasher will come out on top, as it starts out with the lower price point, beating out the sale price of the GE by a difference of $70.10, and beating the non-sale price of the GE by $110.00. Is it worth the additional hundred dollars to get the GE? The approximate operating cost per year of the Hotpoint is $24, while the GE has an approximate annual operating cost of $29. This brings the price difference up to $75.10 on sale or $115 standard for the first year. Whether or not this price difference is worth it, depends strongly on whether or not the additional features that the GE brings to the table are worth it to the person making the purchase. The GE offers a lower decibel level (it runs quieter than the Hotpoint), has a hard food disposer and water fil ter, has six different wash levels (two more than the Hotpoint), a stemware holder, a steam prewash setting, the silverware rack on the door (instead of contained in the lower rack itself), and nylon racks instead of the PVC racks that the Hotpoint has to offer. ... /Appliances-Dishwashers-Disposers-Dishwashers-Built-In-Dishwashers/h_d1/N-5yc1vZc3njZ1z10atjZ1z141o3Z1z10atj/R-203604506/h_d2/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10053&langId=-1&storeId=10051#.UR52tmewV8E Hotpoint Front Control Dishwasher in White: http://www.homedepot.com/Appliances-Dishwashers-Disposers-Dishwashers-Built-In-Dishwashers/h_d1/N-5yc1vZc3njZ1z10atjZ1z10atj/R-203547883/h_d2/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10053&langId=-1&storeId=10051&superSkuId=203153378#specifications (Insert name and box number here) MA120 BID:294 February 18, 2013 Project 3: Systems of Equations Part A: Solving a System of Linear Equations BID: 294 [a]x +3y-z=4 2x-[b]y+7z=12 x+2y+[c]z=18 ----------------------- 2x+3y-z=4 2x-9y+7z=12 x+2y+4z=18 ------------------------ x = 38/29, y = 46/29, z = 98/29 The url used to solve this equation was: http://wims.unice.fr/wims/en_tool~linear~linsolver.en.html Part B: Applications of Systems of Linear Equations The stopping distance of a car traveling at 25 mph is 61.7 ft. and fo r a car traveling at 35 mph it is 106 ft. The stopping distance in feet can be described by the equation y = ax2+ bx, where x is the speed in mph. What is the stopping distance for a car traveling 55 mph? 625a+ 25b = 61.7 1225a+ 35b = 106 ---------------------------------- a = 0.056057142857143, b = 1.066571428571429 3025a+ 55b =y 169.572857143 + 58.6614285714 = y y = 228.234285714 The stopping distance of a car traveling 55mph would be 228.23 ft. (Insert name and box number here) MA 120 BID: 294 18 February 2013 Project 5: Linear Programming Applications An automobile manufacturer makes cars and trucks in a factory that is divided into two shops. Shop 1, which performs basic assembly, must work five man-days on each truck, but only two man-days on each car. Shop 2, which performs finishing

French vs. British treatment of Native Americans Essay Example for Free

French vs. British treatment of Native Americans Essay North America experienced a great wave of immigration a few hundred years after its discovery. Inspired by adventure, riches, and the desire to escape political and religious oppression, Europeans came to the continent. Two of the immigrations that took place were those of the French and British. Upon arriving at North America, they did not encounter savages, but rather a skilled and organized people. Both countries took to the indigenous people differently, however. While the French treated the indigenous people with respect and as people with whom they could trade and coexist, the British treated them as an obstacle in the way of their conquest. The European intruders depended on the help and good nature of the indigenous people, who provided them with food and guides. During this same time period both the Iroquois and the Indian allies of New France suffered great losses of population in the face of epidemics and disease. English colonizers took advantage of this and used this opportunity to push their way west. Very land hungry, the English showed no respect for the Indians and demanded large amounts of land, as many of them hoped to develop lives as farmers. At one point British troops invaded Cherokee country, burning homes and crops and forcing the Cherokees to surrender. The French were more likely to develop trade relations than to settle permanently on native lands. Their settlement of the indigenous lands in Canada occurred more gradually. Despite the disputes over land, European settlers helped the Indian economy. Tribes that traded were at a vast advantage to those who did not. At first, European trade brought advantages such as weapons, cloth, and kettles. The fur trade in particular made many tribes more aggressive. By doing so the Indian nations successfully used the European nations. The Iroquois Confederacy formed an alliance with Britain in which they were to cut the French out of the fur trade. At the same time they negotiated treaties and traded with the French. The Iroquois tried to maintain a neutral balance between the French and British. Both nations feared that Iroquois power might tip the scales in favor of their rivals, so they heeded the threats of the powerful Indians. Many Northeast peoples, however, resented British restrictions on trade. Due to fur trading and the goods they received, many tribes developed more nomadic ways of life based on the movements of bison  herds. The French were open and accepting of the Indians in a social and religious standpoint. During this time period there were a great number of French and Indian marriages. One of the most famous is that of John Rolfe and Pocahontas. By taking the time to learn their languages, habits, and culture, the French made a great attempt to integrate themselves into Indian society. The British were very hostile and made little to no attempt to get along with the Indians. As Anglicans, they did not believe in the Indians animistic religion. One of the aspects of Indian culture that dismayed the British was the fact that the head female had the control over the tribe. This is in direct conflict of the British who were very sexist in their belief that the males were in control and the females were of little importance. While the French put forth an effort, the British simply attempted to rid themselves of their problem. The Native Americans were at a disadvantage in North America after the colonists arrived; they were outnumbered and outmaneuvered. The European colonists came to North America to fulfill their hopes and dreams, but in reality conquered the indigenous people of the continent. While the French generally respected and coexisted with the Indians, the British treated them as an obstacle with whom they could use for themselves. The conquest of the Native Americans by Europeans forever changed the continent.

Gender Swaps in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong :: Things They Carried Essays

Gender Swaps in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Innocense has a potential to change. While we are innocent in the life that we lead, a war can take it away in a flash of an eye. Mary Anne and Fossie both undergo stereotypical role changes after they enter the Vietnam War. These so called "gender swaps" had a major effect on the lives from that moment on. The story "Sweetheart" vividly displays how a war, such as the Vietnam War, can be a life changing event. A war can destruct purity. When Mary Anne is first introduced to the story, she is an "innocent blonde, just barely out of high school"(90). She fears getting her hands dirty and portrays a very girly attitude. She is wearing a "pink sweater", which is a very preppy look according to our society's stereotype. Also, pink is a color for a girl. Our society labels gender as "pink for a girl, and blue for a boy", when a child is first born. Generally, girls care too much about their appearance, and how they look. They always want to look pretty. She had absolutely no idea what was really going on when she first arrived to Vietnam. To her, the scenery of a battle zone was like an art exhibit, which hit her curiosity.(95) The smile on her face seemed so innocent and pure, that the thought of her facing the truth would litterally kill her youth. However, she was very observant while seeing her surroundings. As time passed, she became fascinated with the war and its challenges. She now start ed to undergo change. Once living in the battle zone enviroment, Mary Anne became a completely different person. She became fascinated with guns, knives, and other war weapons. Her curiosity came to good use. Unlike in the beginning of the story, she started escaping with the Green Berets at nights, and sleeping on the cold ground. She now no longer cares about her appearance or her nails, because she chops them short. She stopped wearing jewelry, and instead of make-up, there is now charcoal on her face (98). The way she now presented herself versus the way she arrived to Vietnam undergone drastic change. Her voice became low, and a new sense of confidence filled her soul. She now presented herself as one of the soldiers. The irony is that at the time of the Vietnam War, only men were allowed on the battlefields.

Chartes Cathedral 1

Entering Chartres Cathedral Through the Central Portal In the town of Chartres about 50 miles southwest of Paris, is where the Chartres Cathedral is located and can be seen for miles as it is the tallest structure and was built on the highest point of the town. Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Chartres is its formal name but since the majority of the French Cathedrals were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to avoid confusion the cathedrals are referred to the town to which they belong. The Chartres Cathedral has portals on the northern, southern, and western sides of the building.Each of the Portals has three enormous doors that are surrounded by sculptures depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary as well as a Colossal Rose Window, which is above the doors. The Western Portal also called the Royal Portal is the oldest part of the church and mostly built in the Romanesque Style that was a precursor of Gothic. After a fire in The southern transept portals’ sculptures are of the New Testament and depict scenes from the Last Judgment while the Rose Window is a stain glass masterpiece of The Glorification of Christ.As you approach the central door, you are greeted by a statue of Jesus holding a book in one hand and appearing to be giving a blessing with his other, as his Disciples flank him on both sides of the jamb. The statue of Jesus is on the trumeau which is a column supporting a tympanum of a doorway at its center. Once through the door you are in the southern transept. This section of the cathedral is an arm of the Latin Cross that is the floor plan of all cathedrals. Just ahead is the Crossing, to your left is a side aisle of the nave, and to your right are the double aisles that lead to the area that is the back area of the Apse.The Apse is a rounded end (semi-circle) of a cathedral, church, or building that demonstrates its importance. Chartres Cathedral was constructed with double aisles to accommodate the large number of pilgrims who visited daily and who would pray in the Chapels. The back part of the Apse houses the Choir Screen, Choir Aisle (the first aisle), the Ambulatory (the second aisle), and seven Radiating Chapels. As you journeying towards the Apse, the next section that you will traverse is called the Crossing. This area is the center of the Latin Cross in the floor plan.There are four massive columns that are as big as the North American Red Woods that mark the four corners. These columns were carved to appear to be a cluster of many smaller columns to give the appearance of being lighter in mass that they really are. As your eye follows the columns up you notice the Triforium an area of arches that form a gallery or an arcade, and the Clerestory the section that has the most stain glass windows to allow daylight into the interior. These areas form the upper two levels of the Nave in the Cathedral.As your gaze continues upward you then began to notice the rib vaults that form the ceiling. As your eyes follow the rib s downward you notice the Piers that seem to sprout out of the columns that support the upper levels as well as the roof. Turning toward the right you are now facing the Choir this is the area that leads to the Apse. You have arrived. The Apse is cordon off by a low wrought iron prayer fence. This area is elevated by a series of wide steps that allow seating for the Leaders of the Cathedral, Alter, candles and other items used during Mass.There are 15 stain glass windows on the Clerestory level and approximately 60 on the Triforium level creating a Bay that illuminates the Apse. A Comparison of Giotto’s Arena Chapel Nativity with that of Pisano in the Pisa Baptistery Pulpit Giovanni Pisano (1250 – 1315) and Giotto di Bondone (1266 – 1337) were contemporaries who are credited as geniuses of the Italian Renaissance because they both produced works that were correctly created from the natural world. The natural stances, proportions, and folds of the material are ev ident in each of their works.Gone are the elongated bodies and stylized pleats and patterns of the Byzantine style, which preceded the Renaissance Giovanni was an Italian sculpture, painter, and architect who received his training from his famous father Nicola Pisano. Giovanni worked as his father’s apprentice up until his death (1284) this is when his sculptures began to have a more natural appearance. It is believed that Giotto was discovered by the Florentine Cimabue painter discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock. They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked his father if he could take the boy as an apprentice.Giotto was a painter, sculpture, and architecture, who is considered the first of the Italian Renaissance. Although Giovanni and Giotto worked in different mediums, the breadths of their works are of traditional religious subject. Giovanni’s Pisano Pisa Baptistery Pulpit is hexagonal functional sculpture carved from marble that is divided into t hree sections. The lower register has lions and other figures, with the lions depicted as vanquishing prey – a Romanesque symbol for Christianity triumphing over paganism.The middle level depicts personified Virtues and Prophets, and the upper, has reliefs depicting events in the life of Christ. Giotto’s Nativity scene is one of 53 Frescos painted for the Arena Chapel that displays a host of Angels, shepherds, animals, Joseph asleep in the foreground, while a relaxing Mary and the Midwife place a swaddled infant Jesus into the manger. There is a similar scene in high relief of a reclining Mary and swaddled Jesus on one of the upper panels of the Baptistery Pulpit. It took Giovanni about 8 years to complete the pulpit while it took Giotto 5 years for the whole Chapel.Although one may think that a painting is easier that a sculpture, the technique for creating a fresco is time consuming due to the need of only applying the wet plaster to the area of the wall to be painte d in small patches. All the while temperature and atmospheric conditions could alter the paint as well as the drying time. Any areas that had a mistake would have to be cut out and the process would begin anew. The Baptistery Pulpit and the Nativity scene are both in some state of disrepair but to attempt to rectify this may further damage and take away from these great mater pieces.Another notable similarity between the two pieces is the use of the chiaroscuro technique. This is the use of deep variations in and subtle gradations of light and shade, especially to enhance the delineation of character and for general dramatic effect. A few places in the Nativity scene Giotto used were to create the folds in the clothing and the crags seen on the mountains of the background. Giovanni was able to show this technique through the deep carvings, which cast shadows creating the light and dark areas.Both pieces are filled with symbolism such as the personification of Fortitude on the middle level of the pulpit as Hercules and the painted ass that represents the unenlightened and the ignorant for it’s failure to recognize the significance of the moment. Both works were commissioned not only to beautify their surroundings, but also to inspire and to educate through an emotional experience by viewing the realistic scenes. References http://images. library. pitt. edu/cgi-bin/i/image http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/nave/ http://www. medievalart. org. k/Chartres/Chartres_default. htm http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Basilique_Saint-Denis_01. jpg http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ntransept. htm http://classics. uc. edu/~johnson/hum98/chartres-intext. asp http://teach2thrill. blogspot. com/2011/12/chartres-cathedral. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/crossing/ http://www. sacred-destinations. com/france/chartres-cathedral http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathe dral/Windows/Transept-windows/122A-South-Rose/Chartres-122SouthRose.HTM http://www. GreatBuildings. com/cgi-bin/gbi. cgi/Chartres_Cathedral. html/cid_aj2831_b. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ambulatory. htm http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Architecture/Interior/Main-Level/Main-Int-Frame. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nicola_Pisano http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /html/g/giotto/padova/index. html http://www. bluffton. edu/~sullivanm/italy/pisa/baptistrypulpit/pulpit. html

Open Letter Assignment Essay

I have dreamt of graduating college since I began school. By the time I was your age, I had been practicing my college acceptance speech to my parents for many years. I understand that it can be difficult to imagine another four years of schooling. When you look at the alternative, however, you will find that you must work hard now to enjoy the rest of your life. When you are a middle-aged person, you will have been enjoying weekends off and family vacations for so long you won’t even think back about regretting college. In the grand scheme of things, it is only four years of your life. The first thing to do is look at places you’d like to live. If you already know what you want to do then you should choose a school that offers studying in that subject. However, don’t be alarmed if you don’t know what you want to do. Some people pick schools for a certain subject that they end up wanting nothing to do with. Even I have thought of several things I wanted to do and still have not come to a decision. Having a foundation of education is what is most important. You can always change your mind and get difference experience through different internships and jobs. By the time you graduate college, you will have had plenty of opportunities come your way. Another piece of advice is to take one week at a time. College work can be overwhelming, but not as overwhelming as working a full time job that doesn’t pay well or that doesn’t make you feel good going to it. If you’re worried about your math or writing skills, there are lots of ways to get help in college. There are writing centers, math tutors, and much more assistance available to you. Not everyone in college is good at every subject, so don’t worry!

Frank Julian Sprague essays

Frank Julian Sprague essays Frank Julian Sprague was born in Milford, Connecticut in 1857. He graduated from Annapolis in 1878. He was noted for making the electric railroad. He developed his interest while he was a cadet in the U.S. Naval Academy. Frank work as Thomas Edisons assistant in 1883 and independently developed a superior electric motor that was readily adaptable to industrial machinery. In 1887 he installed the nations first electric trolley system in Richmond, Va., for which he has been called the father of electric railway traction. He sold this company to Edison in 1892 and established a concern that manufactured electric elevators, selling it in turn to Otis Elevator Company. He perfected a control system for multiunit trains in 1895, using this as a basis for an automatic train control system he developed. In his later years he produced electric motors for small tools and appliances and coinvented the third rail for electrified rail lines. He served as chairman of committees on shipbuilding and electricity for the Naval Consulting Board during World War I. Frank was a very helpful person to Thomas Edison when he was hes assistant. He worked for Thomas Edison for about a year than he quite and went and worked on his own, which is when he made his railroad. Frank had a money problem so he sold his railroad to Edison General Electric in 1889. Later he also had to sell his elevators to Otis Elevator. He also improved the electric energy and the wheel suspension to go along with his electric railway. He also invented the multiple unit system of automatic control, an automatic brake, and numerous other devices. He was also the first person to make the electric motor. Frank contributed a lot to make this electric railroad and the many functions it has on it. He was a real contributor in the electronics field because without him we probably wouldnt have all the stuff we have today. With ...

Difference between Management and Leadership

Difference between Management and Leadership What is the difference between leadership and management? The question that is often asked nowadays. Read an article below to know the main differences between these two notions. What Is the Difference between Leadership and Management? The definition of management we can find in literature: management is the ability to identify, develop and support people so that individual contributions and contributions as a group promote organizational prosperity. Leadership is defined as an activity or set of attributes which is capable of producing a change and releasing innovation and development. Although the definition of the leadership may seem much the same as that of the management, these two notions differ. Usually, management is meant to plan, forecast, budget, and control. Leadership has very little to do with planning, budgeting and controlling. A leader and a manager are playing quite different roles. MANAGING CONFLICT IN GROUPS Leaders Are Special, Aren’t They? Those who hold a leadership role know that leadership based on human trust is a profitable way to run a company. If there’s no one to lead a team the employees will hardly care about the mission that may be the reason in a further fracturing of the team and losing its steam. Managers are considered to be a part of the machine. The manager’s job is to run a machine, a company etc. while that of the leader is to give an energy to his or her team to achieve the mission. Here are the main differences between a leader and a manager: 1. Managers create aims leaders create visions. Leaders activate people to work together in order to accomplish the tasks set. Managers set and measure the goals. 2. Leaders deal with changes, managers are a part of a system. Even if things are working well, leaders aim at changing them in such a way to make them work better, sometimes making waves. Managers try to make processes and structures work better. 3. Leaders take risks, managers control them. Leaders are not afraid of failures as they know that any failure may lead to success. Managers work to control and minimize the risks. 4. Leaders are constantly learning something new, managers rely on their skills and experience. Leaders know that it’s rather important to learn something new to succeed, they seek for people that will expand their mind and thinking. Managers mostly improve their existing skills. Managers are considered â€Å"rational†, â€Å"analytical†, â€Å"structured†, â€Å"persistent†, and â€Å"tough-minded†. Good leaders inspire creativity and are good motivators. Good managers inspire competence and discipline. Leadership as a Matter of Perception The difference between leadership and management is a contrived one, and we could perhaps dismiss the problem with that except for one troubling little fact: in real-life organizations, there are clearly people who are more effective in positions of authority than others – who are actually better leaders than other people in exactly the same clearly-defined organizational roles. The position of authority is perceived – by both the person having it and by his subordinates – as conferring some special qualities on the leader so that even very ordinary activities are considered somehow special. For example, small talk among coworkers is just small talk; small talk between the â€Å"leader† and â€Å"follower†, however, is â€Å"inspiring† or â€Å"motivating†. provides an academic assistance on a variety of subjects, including leadership and management. In case you need assistance with drafting your â€Å"management† or â€Å"leadership† essay, feel free to contact us or place an order.

Death of Sun - 1 page discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Death of Sun - 1 page discussion - Essay Example ve until this time, it is therefore clear that the use of space shuttles and similar vehicles to transport humans to outside of Earth will have become mass produced. It is therefore sensible to conclude that there should be technology which is advanced enough to propel all human beings to a refugee planet in outer space. However, the only problems that might be encountered here would be the probable fight for who will be on those vehicles first, plus the money needed for it. Human greed might then become the reason for the probable failure of this evacuation plan. Anyone anywhere should therefore cooperate with the government and the media on what to do, although this would be highly impossible because of panic. There is nothing much anyone can do at this time but to keep their ears glued to the news, to pack up all their essentials, and to say their prayers. They should then await any directive from the government. They should then await any directive from the government for a possible relocation to where they should be transported to space. If the sun dies out, then the whole solar system should also die, and so only an exoplanet could be the answer. According to National Geographic, there is an exoplanet named Gliese 581g which is â€Å"a rocky place with an atmosphere, temperate regions, and crucially, liquid water considered vital for life as we know it† (Roach). This is a proof that such an exoplanet is worth a try. We may not know what is in Gliese 581g, but we definitely know the death that awaits us on Earth. Roach, John. â€Å"First Truly Habitable Planet Discovered, Experts Say.† 2010. National Geographic. 4 Mar 2013.

Selection of Baby Name Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Selection of Baby Name - Essay Example As much as some aspects of the baby naming system in the United Arab Emirates are m significant than others they are all relevant. Naming may always be done in honor of the previous bearers of the names such as the Islamic ancestors that were looked up to in the Islamic religion. Naming a baby after an Islamic ancestor is believed to tie the baby and the family to religious (Islamic) affiliation and that the relationship is strong. It is always treated as a sign of reverencing and because every Islamic ancestor had a role, the names are attached to some roles and meanings. Some of the names may mean protection and because many families in UAE are Muslims, they believe in the powers and religious aspects of the Islamic ancestors. Most parents, especially with strong religious background prefer integrating religion (Islam) in their babies’ names to signify their loyalty and love for their religion. Parents believe that naming their children after Islamic ancestors benefits and b rings blessing to the child. Moreover, some parents in the UAE name their children after their grandparents. Selecting a grandparent name for a newborn shows love and respect the family has for the grandparent. Families who use such kind of naming system are those who love social values and would want to maintain the social status of the family lineage. Additionally, naming a newborn after a grandparent tends to strengthen the family bondage and blood relationship. Such kind of parents believes that their newborn will receive family favors and the favor of the person the child is named after. This form of the naming system further avoids some bad things such as marrying some from same blood relations. Every parent chooses names with good meanings such as righteous meaning and some of the names may include names from history, names of prophets and modern names.

Learning from the Case of Joe Salatino Research Paper

Learning from the Case of Joe Salatino - Research Paper Example The customer attributes the salesperson’s hometown news fluency to internal factors, specifically to their similarity, competence, and caring, factors under the salesperson’s control, and not to external factors like just trying to make a random sale to a random target. Salatino could also explain how critical behaviors and expressions of rapport with the customer are during the fast and furious blue-light special sales. Saving money is certainly part of the equation, the most visible customer factor in the sales. But even in those fast and furious moments, when the customer is thrown off-balance by the pace of the special circumstance sale, the customer is caught off-guard, induced into a kind of trance state by the intensity of the moment, and more vulnerable to suggestion, if the salesperson makes use of that appropriately. In such a state, the customer makes the attribution that the salesperson is their guide, friend, and mentor, is highly competent and is making a massive effort on their behalf. The customer believes the salesperson is keeping in mind their needs, and watching their back. This is an internal attribution. An external attribution would be for the customer to draw a conclusion that they were just lucky to have good timing, by answering the phone in time for a special. But, with external attribution, the customer will not feel any reciprocal connection with the salesperson or the company, in the way they would if they attribute the circumstances of the sale to the salesperson’s competence and effort. The whirling blue light motivates the salesperson’s most intense and concentrated efforts to catch the customer’s attention, and lead them to perceive that there is a shopping emergency, that time is of the essence. But it is the attitude and behavior of the salesperson that leads to additional purchases and customer loyalty. Salatino could explain that internal attributions, when applied to a situation that has gone wrong, can solicit more punitive behavior, as a reaction (Slocum, 2009, p.84). Therefore, when circumstances turn negative, within the perception of the customer (for example, they were unable to successfully complete their preferred selection during a blue-light special, due to a credit card malfunction, or the phone connection was dropped), if the customer blames the salesperson and the company, a potential loyal customer may be eternally lost. However, if the customer has strong rapport with the salesperson, and positive antecedents (information, beliefs, motivation), an external attribution is more likely to be made, and the situation is more easily managed by the salesperson and the company, in a way that fosters customer loyalty. The customer will be more likely to notice that the company and salesperson have consistent supportive behavior, that these circumstances are distinct, and that their experience falls within the range of normal, given the circumstances. Since cus tomer loyalty translates into more money, it is a good idea to educate all salespeople about how these factors shape customer perception, and how these perceptions have monetary outcomes. Each salesperson who participates in the workshop should be assigned to shadow a top salesperson for 2 hours, so that they can see these concepts in application. Although salespeople are highly competitive, the result could mean increased sales

Benjamin Zephaniah Was Born In Birmingham English Literature Essay

Benjamin Zephaniah Was Born In Birmingham English Literature Essay Throughout his collection Zephaniah connects with young people through his use of conversational language and further, introduces a range of topics that can be easily understood by the younger generation. Topics include friends, family, heroes and animals; which arguably has the effect of making poetry fun for young children. Naturally, children tend to enjoy what can be considered as playground jingles and rhymes but despite this can often be intimidated at the idea of poetry. As Talking Turkeys is arguably fun and enjoyable, this as a result helps to stimulate a childs imagination and interest whilst at the same time builds their confidence within poetry. A rather unique feature of Zephaniahs poetry is his use of colloquial language; a good example of this is when he replaces the word there with dere. Further, made up words such as guzzards also add to the humour of the poetry. His poems tend to contain a rather heart-warming moral at the end; Heroes states I say were all heroes if we do our little bit.. This positive message would arguably have a strong impact on the younger readers and encourage them to do well. The structures of Zephaniahs poetry are not complex yet they are rather effective. In Friends the structure is very simple, using four lines to describe each animal in turn, and further using well known characteristics of that particular animal. When talking about a snake he writes I am known to slip and slide. This poem arguably provides visual stimulation and makes the ideas in the poem easily understood for children of a young age. This is reinforced by the inclusion of a wide variety of illustrations. Pictures, designs and photographs are creatively embedded within the poems. The layout of the words in the poem often supports the image. Images consist of collages, pen and ink and photographic studies which add humour and make the poems less daunting to read. In his poem entitled Drivosaurus Rex he uses an image of a T-Rex driving a car which would grab the attention of the young reader. In other poems the illustrations provide the layout of the poem in a fun and imaginative way a llowing for the text to be broken up. Some of his poems within this collection do not reinforce correct grammar and punctuation in that Jamaican Patois is often used. This is rather unconventional, and can be confusing. However, it is also quite charming and clever, and has a tendency to make you want to turn the page and continue reading. There are a range of poems within Talking Turkeys that reinforce this idea such as Little Sister, the self-titled Talking Turkeys and the anti-grammatical According to my Mood in that I have a poetic licence, I write the way I want, I drop my full stops where I like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ highlighting this concept of incorrect grammar and punctuation. Talking Turkeys itself is not written nor performed in Standard English, the rhyming structure is rather simple and generally tends to stay the same throughout. In looking at Talking Turkeys being performed [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4AgPSjzXkw], Zephaniah provides a comic element to his poem in that not only does he entertain the crowd with funny little dances but he also changes his tone of voice in order to be best suited for the poem. This reinforces the point made earlier in regards to the use of Jamaican Patois in that Zephaniah has to almost create this character within him in order to accommodate for the poem. It is clear to see as to why young children would be interested in the poem in that there is a large comedy factor and at certain points throughout his performance he seems to get somewhat distracted from his recital, but nonetheless this adds to the humour of it all. Zephaniah connects with modern issues and introduces new perspectives to a young audience. Talking Turkeysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ relates to different religions and cultures so every child can feel they are a part of society and not feel left outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The book is for children but the grown-ups will be sneaking off with it. Black Literature Project The effective imagery and informal language work well together and open up a world of possibilities for classroom activities. Politics, veganism and animals are prominent themes, touched upon with varying weight and humour. Zephaniahs words provoke and invoke; he challenges the reader to question societal ideals but also encourages compassion and equality. Irreverence for the academic trappings of traditional written poetry, a loose-foot, streetwise approach to form and to content and a large-hearted humanity, permeate his poetry, and this should ensure his popularity with school children natural inconoclasts for years to come. Errol Ll oyd, quoted in Books For Keeps Talking Turkeys has been reviewed by many critics [http://www.puffin.co.uk/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780140363302,00.html#reviews], it is said that Zephaniah is the reigning king of childrens poetry He has an unselfconscious relish for language and word-play that never strays into the patronising dee-dum-dee-dum-dee-dum territory of so much of childrens poetry: his are poems that bounce up from the page and demand to be read, rapped, sung and hip-hopped aloud. (Independent on Sunday) Further, He brings Jamaican rhythms, the patois of the streets, the perception thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ poetry can be powerful, provocative, street-wiseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He takes poetry off the page and into urban mouths, turns verse into sassy, beat-filled performance. (The Scotsman) Zephaniahs poetry can however be criticised in that some may argue his poems are too short, but nonetheless that concept is put down to the readers personal preference. Some would also argue that the incorrect use of English could be considered a negative point in that it does not promote to young readers how they should be speaking and spelling. Yet despite this, his use of improper language all adds to the overall effect of his poetry. The majority of Zephaniahs poetry is enjoyed by a wide range of people and as a result there is not much negative comments regarding what he writes, or rather, how he writes.

Cheating :: essays research papers

~~~~~~ Cheating ~~~~~~ Cheating, We've all done it at least once in our lives, in all types of situations. Its human nature to want to win, and some of us will go against the rules to do so. It can be harmless, but in many cases it is annoying, or even hurtful. So, why was cheating and certain zone hacks become such a large problem in the Age games? Anonymity plays a big part in this. Behind the buffer zone of a computer screen and several hundred miles of telephone wire, people don't have to worry about upsetting someone else by playing unfairly, cheating, or exploiting bugs. Its also easy: it's far easier to download a hack, and get an advantage in a game than to actually practice and become good. For example, way back when I was playing a lot of AoE over the Zone. I faced up against a player with a name such as CrackDevilz or something similar. Two minutes after the game started he had sent an attack with an obscene amounts of units, all the while taunting and even boasting about his ability to cheat. Another factor that adds to this problem is the lack of maturity or even common courtesy in many of the players in the Age community. They simply don't care about wasting other people's time, upsetting others, or unbalancing a ladder or league system that someone has put a lot of time into creating. When these people do cheat, they often do not refrain from crude insults or taunts. This isn't a problem for experienced players; most people I know would just simply laugh at the idiocy of their opponent, but for new players, it can be pretty disheartening. In many ways these cheaters can have a very bad effect on the Age games. Some new players can actually be scared off or even turned away from a game simply from a single bad experience. They may assume all players they will meet are immature and rude, and just not put any time into trying to play the game again. This line of thought leads into another problem found in the zone. The rating system! To be honest, I don’t like it; players become too obsessed with there ratings. Have you ever lost a game and went â€Å"DAMN IT!† not necessarily because you lost, but because when you look at your nick again it will be down 8 points.

Farmer V Pilot Essay

Does Farmer have any claim(s) for damages against Pilot based on intentional tort? Discuss. Rule of Law : The essential requirements of intentional torts are the elements of intent, injury, damages and causation. The concept of ‘intention’ does not require that Defendant (D) know that his/her act will cause harm to the Plaintiff (P), but must know with substantial certainty that their act will result in certain outcomes (landing of the plane on the P’s land). To successfully make a claim against D, P must prove that D acted with purpose when he landed the plane on P’s property, that the act was intentional and it lead to the injury suffered by P (loss of land and crops) and the resulting damages to P’s land and crops. It is clear from the facts that that Pilot had clear intent to land the plane on Farmer’s property, that there was injury, that were damages and that it was the act of the Pilot’s that caused the damages. Farmer (Plaintiff – P) may have three claims against the Pilot (Defendant – D) for damages based on intention al tort. The potential claims will be on the basis of : a)Trespass to Land – Did Pilot trespass on Farmer’s land ? b)Trespass to Chattel – Did Pilot trespass on Farmer’s chattel (property i.e. crops) ? c)Trespass to Conversion – Did Pilot commit a conversion of Farmer’s property ? Defenses From the Pilot’s perspective, the potential applicable defense privileges that the courts provide to the Defense such that they are not held responsible for their act, are in the form of i) consent, ii) self defense, iii) defense of others (good samaritan) or iv) necessity. Though there are additional defense privileges available under the rule of law, the facts of this case lean towards exploring the said defenses. i.Consent : In the absence of consent from the property owner, consent can be implied by law (in the cases of emergency, when consent cannot be obtained in person) or consent can be implied in fact (when a consent cannot be obtained, but a reasonable person would believe that the property owner would give consent under the same specific conditions). ii.Self defense as a defense would be applicable in the circumstances when a threat is imminent and the subsequent act is reasonable. It is an affirmative defense, which would absolve D of  all liability. iii. Defense of others is a privilege to act when the ‘other’ person being defended has the right to self-defense and a privilege to act, and the force being used by D is acceptable under the reasonable force rule. iv.Necessity : A necessity defense requires the following elements: (1) D acted to avoid a significant risk of harm; (2) no adequate lawful means could have been used to escape the harm; and (3) the harm avoided was greater than that caused by breaking the law. Some jurisdictions also require that the harm must have been imminent and that the action taken must have been reasonably expected to avoid the imminent danger. The necessity defense could either be a ‘public’ necessity or a ‘private’ necessity. A public necessity is a full defense under the doctrine of ‘public good’ and D is not held liable for any damages. A private necessity is a not a viable defense and maybe considered a limited defense since the act that created t he tort was for the benefit of D or a third party. As a result, D may not be liable for the trespass, but is liable for the damages resulting from the trespass. The fact that the intent was driven from necessity, does not change the fact that the landing of the plane on Farmer’s property was intentional, voluntary and without the consent of the Farmer. However, the based on the facts, Pilot has a potential defense in the form of necessity.[1][2] Analysis a)Did Pilot trespass on Farmer’s land ? Trespass to land is defined as a person’s unlawful entry onto another’s land. There are five elements which the plaintiff must show to make prima facie case : I.Intrusion on P’s land was a volitional act by D. II.D acted with the intent of intruding on the P’s land. III.Physical intrusion on the P’s land by D. IV.P was in possession or was entitled to immediate possession of the land when the trespass took place. V.Trespass was caused by the D’s act. Based on the facts, it is clear that the Pilot has a prima facie case for ‘trespass to land’. The facts are clear that the i) Pilot intended to land on the Farmer’s land; ii) Pilot did land on the Farmer’s land; iii) the Farmer had not expressly authorized the entry. [3] However, as a defense privilege we have to review the law in terms of implied consent (implied in-fact and implied in law) and the application of necessity case law. The urgent nature of the circumstances and the availability of limited options (sub-division of homes, trees of vacant land) provide a basis for implied consent. Implied in-fact consent would be an objective manifestation as a reasonable person would consent under the circumstances especially when taking into account the loss of life against the loss of property. Per case law, the courts have ruled that loss of life over-shadows loss of property. Similarly, implied in-law consent would need to be reviewed under the rule of law and the benefit of the public, considering the options between landing on a housing tract versus landing on a vacant farm where the potential of damages would be significantly lower. The same elements of urgency and limited available options also provide the defense privilege under the rule of law of ‘necessity’. If the defense falls under the preview of ‘public necessity’, then D is not liable for any damages and P will not be able to collect any damages from D. However, if the defense falls under ‘private necessity’, D is liable for limited damages to P. As such a key factor to decide under the rule of law will be ‘was this public necessity versus private necessity ?’. Though D took action to minimize loss to the public, the action was also driven by private necessity as D and D’ clients were less likely to be hurt in the vacant field than in the sub-division and/or trees. In addition, the fact that D was a pilot and was flying a commercially paying client will also play a role in deciding public versus private necessity.[4] b)Did Pilot trespass on Farmer’s Chattel ? Trespass to chattel is the intentional interference with the right of possession of personal property of another. The defendant’s acts must intentionally damage the chattel, deprive the owner of its use for a period of time, or totally dispossess the chattel from the owner. i.An act by D that intentionally interferes with P’s right of possession in a chattel ii.Causation iii.Damages Based on the facts, it is clear that the Farmer does have a valid claim for ‘trespass to chattel’. The elements of causation and damages to the Farmer’s crops are clear. Even though the facts do state that the Pilot ‘did not see the crops from the air as they had been recently planted’), a the Restatement (Second) of Torts indicates that â€Å"intention is present when an act is done for the purpose of using or otherwise intermeddling with a chattel or with knowledge that such an intermeddling will, to a substantial certainty, result from the act†. Based on the rule of law, the Farmer has a valid prima facie claim for ‘trespass to chattel’. c)Did Pilot commit trespass of conversion on Farmer’s property (land and crops) ? The trespass of conversion is similar to the tort of trespass to chattel. Both require D to interfere with P’s right of possession in personal property. However, defendant must have intended to exercise control over the property in a manner inconsistent with the owner’s rights. However, conversion claims are brought in cases where the damage done to the property is more severe than in a trespass case. The facts of the case do not indicate the s everity of the damages or the length of time for the loss of chattel. In the event, that the land was damaged for the longer term where the Farmer was unable to use the land for farming for the longer term, this claim could be made under the laws for ‘conversion’ Conclusion Trespass to land, Trespass to Chattel and Conversion are acts which were committed by Pilot. The Pilot fully intended to land on the Farmer’s property knowing that it belonged to someone else and knowing that they did not have ‘express’ consent to land. The Pilot’s act of intentionally landing in the Farmer’s field caused damaged to the Farmer’s land and crops. However, the Pilot acted within reason, acted as a reasonable person would under the emergency circumstances and did act on the best viable option i.e. landing on vacant farmland versus, a sub-division of homes or trees. The Pilot did not act with recklessness or negligence. As a result, the defense of necessity is applicable. The defense of ‘necessity’ will limit or fully absolve the Pilot from any damage claims from the Farmer. The distinction between public versus private necessity is the deciding factor on the Pilot’s liability towards the Farmer. Though D took a ction to minimize loss to the public, the action was also driven by private necessity as D and D’s clients were less likely to be hurt in the vacant field than in the sub-division and/or trees. In addition, the fact that D was a pilot and was flying a commercially paying client will play a role in deciding public versus private necessity. I believe that it is an act that is not likely to be defined as a ‘public need’ act under case law and as such, the Pilot would be liable to pay reasonable (non-punitive) damages to the Farmer.[5]